精品推薦—第四套人民幣

第四套人民幣在設計思想,風格和印製工藝上都有-定的創新和突破。主景圖案集中體現了在中國共產黨領導下,中國各族人民意氣風發,團結一致,建設有中國特色的社會主義的主題思想。在設計風格上,這套人民幣保持和發揚了中國民族藝術傳統特點,主市背面圖景取材於中國名勝古跡、名山大川.背面紋飾全部採用富有中國民族特點的圖案、在印製工藝上.主景全部採用了大幅人物頭像浮水印,雕刻工藝複雜:鈔票紙分別採用了滿版浮水印和固定人像水印,它不僅表現出線條圖景,而且表現出明暗層次,工藝科技很高,進一步提高了中國印鈔工藝科技水准和鈔票防偽能力。

ThefourthsetofRMBhascertaininnovationandbreakthroughindesignidea,styleandprintingprocess.UndertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina,thethemeofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisembodiedinthedesignofthemainscene.Intermsofdesignstyle,thissetofRMBmaintainsandcarriesforwardthetraditionalcharacteristicsofChinesenationalart.ThebackviewofthemaincityisbasedonChinesehistoricalsitesandfamousmountainsandrivers.ThebackdecorativepatternsareallfullofChinesenationalcharacteristics.Intermsofprintingtechnology,themainviewadoptslarge-scaleheadportraitwatermark,andthecarvingprocessiscomplex:thebanknotepaperadoptsfullpagewatermarkandfixedwatermarkrespectivelyPortraitwatermark,itnotonlyshowsthelinepicture,butalsoshowstheleveloflightandshade.Thetechnologyisveryhigh,whichfurtherimprovesthelevelofChina'sbanknoteprintingtechnologyandbanknoteanti-counterfeitingability.

第四套人民幣是籌畫設計時間最長的一套人民幣,從1967年1月總行提出設計第四套人民幣的設想,到1985年5月定案,歷時18年,這期間經歷了曲曲折折,排除了各種極左干擾,最終避免了第四套人民幣在設計上的災難。1967年1月,中國人民銀行總行向國務院反映了湖北機械學院部分羣衆對人民幣1元券天安門上沒有毛主席像、紅旗和標語提出尖銳責備的情况,同時提出了新版人民幣的設計設想。同年2月,李先念批示:“應準備一套新版人民幣,設計圖景要多反映些生產關係方面的題材,克服第三套人民幣生產力題材多的問題。”1968年7月16日,總行第一次向國務院報送新版人民幣設計方案初稿,主要以“三突出”(突出毛主席的光輝形象、突出毛澤東思想、突出毛主席的革命路線)和“兩個反映”(反映無產階級文化大革命、反映社會主義革命和建設)為主題思想,當時受到周總理的嚴肅責備。1969年4月8日,總行第二次向國務院上報新版人民幣設計稿,票券畫面主要是反映極左的內容,仍未獲準予,後因林彪反共產黨集團覆滅而作罷。1975年11月18日,財政部(當時中國人民銀行與財政部合併)第三次向國務院上報設計印製新版人民幣的報告,設計方案的圖稿主要反映社會主義新生事物和工農兵形象,如知識青年上山下鄉、工農兵上大學、農業學大寨、工業學大慶等,同年12月29日李先念批示:“放一放再說。”1976年5月10日再次請示,李先念批示:“暫時不辦。”以上上報的三套方案內容均是“文化大革命”極左思想的反映,由於在黨中央、國務院的正確路線指導下,均被一一排除,使極左思潮未能反映在國幣上。

ThefourthsetofRMBistheonewiththelongestplanninganddesigntime.Ittook18yearsfromtheheadoffice'sideaofdesigningthefourthsetofRMBinJanuary1967tothefinaldecisioninMay1985.Duringthisperiod,itexperiencedtwistsandturns,eliminatedallkindsofextremeleftinterference,andfinallyavoidedthedisasterofthefourthsetofRMBindesign.InJanuary1967,theheadofficeofthepeople'sBankofChinareportedtotheStateCouncilthatsomemembersofHubeiInstituteofmachineryhadsharplycriticizedthelackofChairmanMao'sportrait,redflagandsloganontheRMB1yuancoupon.Atthesametime,theheadofficeofthepeople'sBankofChinaproposedthedesignideaofanewversionofRMB.InFebruaryofthesameyear,LiXianniansaid,"anewversionofRMBshouldbeprepared.ThedesignshouldreflectmorethemesofproductionrelationsandovercometheproblemofthethirdsetofRMBproductivitythemes."OnJuly16,1968,theheadofficesubmittedthefirstdraftofthenewversionofRMBdesignschemetotheStateCouncilforthefirsttime,withthethemeof"threehighlights"(highlightingChairmanMao'sgloriousimage,MaoZedongThoughtandChairmanMao'srevolutionaryline)and"tworeflections"(reflectingtheProletarianCulturalRevolutionandsocialistrevolutionandconstruction),whichwasseriouslypraisedbyPremierZhouatthattimeBlame.OnApril8,1969,theheadofficesubmittedanewversionoftheRMBdesigndrafttotheStateCouncilforthesecondtime.Theticketscreenmainlyreflectedthecontentsofthefarleft,butitwasstillnotapproved.Later,itgaveupbecauseofthecollapseofLinBiao'santiCommunistgroup.OnNovember18,1975,theMinistryofFinance(thenthepeople'sBankofChinamergedwiththeMinistryofFinance)submittedtotheStateCouncilforthethirdtimeareportonthedesignandprintingofanewversionofRMB.Thedraftofthedesignmainlyreflectsthenewsocialistthingsandtheimageofworkers,peasantsandsoldiers,suchaseducatedyouthgoingtothecountryside,workersandpeasantsgoingtouniversity,learningfromDazhaiinagriculture,andlearningfromDaqinginindustry“Letitgo."OnMay10,1976,LiXiannianaskedforinstructionsagainandsaid,"wewillnotdoitforthetimebeing."Thecontentsofthethreeplansreportedaboveareallthereflectionoftheultraleftthoughtsofthe"CulturalRevolution".UndertheguidanceofthecorrectlineofthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,theywereallexcludedonebyone,sothattheultraleftthoughtscouldnotbereflectedinthenationalcurrency.

在設計風格上,這套人民幣保持和發揚了中國民族藝術傳統特點,主幣背面圖景取材於中國名勝古跡、名山大川,背面紋飾全部採用富有中國民族特點的圖案。在印製工藝上,主景全部採用了大幅人物頭像浮水印,雕刻工藝複雜;鈔票紙分別採用了滿版浮水印和固定人像浮水印,它不僅表現出線條圖景,而且表現出明暗層次,工藝科技很高,進一步提高了中國印鈔工藝科技水准和鈔票防偽能力。

Intermsofdesignstyle,thissetofRMBmaintainsandcarriesforwardthetraditionalcharacteristicsofChinesenationalart.ThebackofthemaincoinisbasedonChinesehistoricalsitesandfamousmountainsandrivers,andallthepatternsonthebackarefullofChinesenationalcharacteristics.Intheprintingprocess,themainsceneallusesalargenumberofpeople'sheadimagewatermark,andthecarvingprocessiscomplex;thebanknotepaperrespectivelyusesfullpagewatermarkandfixedportraitwatermark,whichnotonlyshowsthelinepicture,butalsoshowsthelightanddarklevel,andthetechnologyisveryhigh,whichfurtherimprovesthelevelofChina'sbanknoteprintingtechnologyandbanknoteanti-counterfeitingability.

第四套人民幣在票面的設計風格和印製工藝上較前三套人民幣都有創新和突破,既吸收了國外鈔票設計的某些藝術特點,又保持並發揚了中國民族藝術的傳統,不僅有實用價值,而且具有很高的藝術價值。

ThefourthsetofRMBhasinnovationandbreakthroughinthedesignstyleandprintingprocesscomparedwiththefirstthreesetsofRMB.Itnotonlyabsorbssomeartisticcharacteristicsofforeignbanknotedesign,butalsomaintainsandcarriesforwardthetraditionofChinesenationalart.Ithasnotonlypracticalvalue,butalsohighartisticvalue.

第四套人民幣在製版和印刷工藝上主要採用手工雕刻凹版印刷、凹印接線科技、套印對印科技和平凸版接線科技等,大大提高了人民幣的防偽功能。手工雕刻凹版印刷工藝一直是國際上通用的鈔票防偽的重要手段,它的主要特點是墨層厚,手感强,難以複製。

ThefourthsetofRMBmainlyadoptsmanualengravinggravureprinting,gravureconnectiontechnology,overprintmatchingtechnologyandreliefconnectiontechnologyinplatemakingandprintingtechnology,whichgreatlyimprovestheanti-counterfeitingfunctionofRMB.Manualengravinggravureprintingtechnologyhasalwaysbeenanimportantmeansofbanknoteanti-counterfeitingintheworld.Itsmaincharacteristicsarethickinklayer,stronghandleanddifficulttocopy.

人民幣的主景圖案都是手工雕刻凹版印刷,尤其是1990年版50元、100元券,正、背面主景及裝潢花邊、花球、面額文字等凹印部分版紋加深,使雕刻凹版印刷圖案更具有立體感。由於第四套人民幣各票面全部採用人物頭像作主景,囙此,對凹版雕刻工藝的要求也比前幾套人民幣要高得多,不同民族,不同年齡、性別,不同身份,不同服飾的人物,都要通過各種不同的刀法加以細緻的刻畫和區別。這從各個票券的票面上可以看到,一幅幅雕刻凹版印刷的人物頭像,線條清晰,刀法流暢,很好地體現了人物的精神風貌,每一幅頭像都是一件精美的藝術品。凹印接線科技也是鈔票的一種專用印製科技,其特點是色彩較為明顯,顏色銜接自然過渡,無漏白,無錯位,線條在高倍放大鏡下觀察成線狀。套印、對印科技就是採用一些特殊的工藝,使鈔票正背面圖案一次印刷成形,使特定部位的圖案正背面完全重合。例如:1元、2元、5元券正面左下角的小花束和背面的小花束完全是對應吻合的。平凸印接線科技是人民幣採用的

ThemainscenerypatternsofRMBarehandcarvedintaglioprinting,especiallythe1990versionwith50yuanand100yuancoupons.Themainsceneryonthefrontandback,decorationlace,flowerball,denominationtextandotherintaglioprintingpartsaredeepened,whichmakesthecarvedintaglioprintingpatternsmorethree-dimensional.BecauseallthefacesofthefourthsetofRMBusetheheadportraitsofcharactersasthemainscenery,therequirementsforintaglioengravingtechnologyaremuchhigherthanthoseoftheprevioussetsofRMB.Peopleofdifferentnationalities,ages,genders,identitiesandcostumeshavetobecarefullydepictedanddistinguishedthroughvariousknifemethods.Fromthefaceofeachticket,wecanseethatthecarvedandintaglioprintedheadportraitshaveclearlinesandsmoothknifetechnique,whichwellreflectthespiritofthecharacters.Eachheadportraitisanexquisiteworkofart.Gravureconnectiontechnologyisalsoakindofspecialprintingtechnologyforbanknotes,whichischaracterizedbyobviouscolor,naturaltransitionofcolorconvergence,nowhiteleakage,nodislocation,andlinearobservationunderhighmagnification.Overprintandcounterprintingtechnologyistousesomespecialtechnologytomakethefrontandbackpatternsofbanknotesprintedatonetime,sothatthefrontandbackpatternsofspecificpartsarecompletelycoincident.Forexample:1yuan,2yuanand5yuancoupons,thesmallbouquetinthelowerleftcornerofthefrontandthesmallbouquetonthebackareexactlythesame.FlatandconvexprintingtechnologyisadoptedbyRMB

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